![]() ![]() A relationship between prenatal METH exposure and neurotoxicity in offspring has been reported. Neuronal impairment by METH affects microglia and causes oxidative stress, transcription factor activation, mitochondrial metabolism dysfunction, DNA damage, excitatory toxicity, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation ( Xie et al., 2018 Xie et al., 2018 Xue et al., 2019 Kim et al., 2020 Tan et al., 2020). ![]() METH is neurotoxic, making prenatal exposure particularly concerning for fetal brain development. We also highlight the value of gut microbiota in the study of prenatal METH exposure. ![]() We describe neurotoxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, hepatotoxicity, and toxicity in other organs, as well as biomonitoring prenatal METH exposure and the possible emergence of METH-associated sensitization. This review summarizes the toxicological effects of METH exposure during pregnancy on the offspring. Understanding the impact of prenatal METH exposure on the fetus and the underlying mechanisms is crucial for early detection, intervention, and postpartum treatment of high-risk newborns. Eugeni also reported a similar case, in which a full-term newborn born suffered seizures and severe neurological symptoms shortly after birth due to prenatal METH exposure, followed by severe liver insufficiency ( Maranella et al., 2019). Silvia reported a case of neonatal brain malformation due to prenatal METH abuse in Philippines, and METH was detected in the urine of the mother and the newborn ( Maya-Enero et al., 2018). Thus prenatal METH exposure may affect maternal health and also increase the risk of pregnancy complications like hypertension and preeclampsia during pregnancy as well as cause short- or long-term damage to the fetus. In addition, it is reported that the concentration of METH was higher in breast milk than in maternal plasma ( Steiner et al., 1984) and METH can be detected in breast milk following recreational use of METH ( Bartu et al., 2009). The research conducted by David indicated that METH crossed the placenta within 30 s of its administration in pregnant sheep ( Burchfield et al., 1991). METH easily crosses the placental barrier and even accumulates in breast milk ( Little and Vanbeveren, 1996 Chomchai et al., 2016). Structurally, METH is identical to monoamine neurotransmitters and induces neurotoxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, and hepatotoxicity ( Carvalho et al., 2012 Varga et al., 2015 Kim et al., 2020). These women are likely to continue drug abuse and become potential METH abusers during pregnancy. Women comprise a sizeable and growing proportion of METH abusers, and they begin METH use at younger ages and seem more dependent on METH ( Dluzen and Liu, 2008). In 1994, METH accounted for 8% of admitted pregnant women, which rose to 24% by 2006 ( Terplan et al., 2009). Mounting evidence indicates that prenatal METH exposure is rising ( Marwick, 2000 Wouldes and Lester, 2019). Additionally, its psychoactive and hallucinogenic effects greatly increase the risk of promiscuity and unwanted pregnancy. Because of its anorexigenic and body-weight reducing effects, METH is in some cases used even during pregnancy to maintain body image. Methamphetamine (METH) is a serious international public health concern due to its high potential for addiction and the risk of long-lasting injury to multiple organs. Illicit drug abuse has increasingly become a public health and social concern, worldwide. There is rising evidence of the adverse effects of METH exposure during pregnancy, which are of significant concern. We proposed the importance of gut microbiota in studying prenatal METH exposure. This review summarizes neurotoxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, hepatotoxicity, toxicity in other organs, and biomonitoring of prenatal METH exposure, as well as the possible emergence of sensitization associated with METH. It can also cross the placental barrier and have long-lasting effects on the fetus. ![]() METH can lead to multiple organ toxicity in adults, including neurotoxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, and hepatotoxicity. METH abuse during pregnancy is on the rise due to its stimulant, anorectic, and hallucinogenic properties.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |